Two-cycle internal-combustion engine



March 18 V, 1924.

1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Z/vVE/woe LAS/m KS4/ff Q @1M {@Mg /f/TTQEA/Er J.KELLEY TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. l0

March 18; 1924@ n 1,487,338

J. KELLEY TWO-CYCLE INTERNAL `COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 10 1921 :i5`Sheets-Sheet 2 ff d l :Jh-:i ""Q fg ZN VEA/Toe YMW March 18, 1924.1,487,338

J. KEI-LEY Two-CYCLE INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINE l Filed Jan. 10 1921 5Sheets-Sheet 67T To ENE v5 Patented Mer. 18, 1924.

PATENT OFFICE JOHN KELLEY, LOUIS, litISSOURI.

TWO-CYCLE NTERNi-.

Application iled January 10, w21.

To alt 'ui/7mm t muy concern lcd e residing at tit.

:nve-,ntcd a certain new r 1.- 'x n" w `i v w ornent in vio-(mele lil-Engines, et 'which the "l a iullv clean and exact descripH relates tointernal combusano luis tor its main object to eupgino oiE simple conare artiou engr' pr i vi d c an i struclion, in .vli. ch the cylinderson to the ams oit ro- "angled in para tation oi" the dr' Y, and areequipped iv' reciirirocating pis tous that (5o-operate With a meanswhich converts the 'recinocating` movement et the pistons into rotarymotion Without the use olt crank arms.

liriotlier object is t0 provide an internal combustimi en; ne of thegeneral type relfcrrell to in which the combustible niixturc, ius ad otheini;- admitted directly to the poiver cyliuders7 is {irst drawn intosuction cylinders throunjli. ports controlled by automatic valvesn ai dthereafter admitted to power cylinde lu'ougrli ports rolled l thepistons in said suction cylinders. Other objects and dcsirffrliileieatures o `iy invention Wil bc hereinafter pointed out.

l ot the -flraiving's is a vertical A ,udinal scctioi vieu' ot 'o vimproved engine. talren ou the line le-l oii Figure f1 limitingY in thedirection indicated by the ai rows,

liipjure is a detail view ot the inlet valve o t one ot' tlic suctioncylinders, taken on the lino 2-2 ot Figure l, looking in the direcfionindicated by the arroivs.

Figure 2" is a cross-sectional View, illus-- training? one oi: theconnecting' rods and the ouideivay 'in which it slides.

ll`ioure 3 is au end elevational view ot the e partly broken away so asto more illustrate the construction samel Figure 4. is a development otthe caro on.

lli-e driving member that cooperates With the rollers on theeonnectingi,r rods; and

lfip'ure is a transverse sectional view. taken on the line fi-- otFigure l looking;` in the direction indicated by the arrows.

l have herein illustrated my invention em- LsCOIJIBUSTON ENGINE,

Serial No. 436,131

bodied in a tivo-cycle engine having station ary cylinders arrangedaround a rotatable drive shaft that extends parallel to the longi*tudinal axes oi" the cylinders, which drive shaft is provided with amember on which the pistons in some of the cylinders exert pressure indirection causing said drive shaft to rotate. l Wish it to beunderstood7 hon/'ever7 that my invention is not limited to a tivo-cycleinternal combustion engine, as many features oil my invention areapplicable to other kinds of machines equipped ivitli reciprocatingpistons and a rotatable driving element operated by the movement or".said pistons, it being' immaterial what the driving element ci? theengine consists oi, so long as it is a rotating; member to whichpressure is applied Yfrom reciprocating pis tons actuated by aneXpa-nsible medium.

VJlien my invention is embodied in a tivocycle internal combustionengine, as herein shown7 the engine is equipped with two groups cicylinders arranged on opposite sides oi a rotating; driving elen'ientand each sgroup made up oi a plurality of units or pairs oi: cylinders,each ot which consists oi a'poiver cylinder and a suction cylinder. Thepower cylinders ot one group are :ir-- ranged in longitudinal alignmentWit-li and oirectly opposite to the poivcr cylinders oie the othergroup7 and the pistons ot longgii lu-dinally aligned cylinders areconnected to` nether so that they Will move in unison. The suctioncylinders ot the respective lgroups are arranned in a similar mannerapreferably between the power cylinders, and the pistons ci? thelongitudinally aligned suction cylinders are also directly connectedtogether so that they will move in unison. the cylinders ci both `groupsbeing` arranged in symmetrical relation around a rotatable drive shaftthat extents parallel to the longitudinal axes of the cylinders.

The suction cylinders are used to draw a combustible mixture `from acarburetor or other suitable source of supply and admit saidcoinliiustible mixture to the power cylinders wherein the mixture iscompressed and then iired so as to .impart power impulses to the drivingelement7 and the flow of the combustible mixture into the powercylinders and the escape of the burnt gases from said cylinders iscontrolled by the pistons in said power cylinders,v

Cil

Referring zo the cliewiiigs which illusi'inie the piel-erred foi-m of myiiivenion, A designates the iixiiiii suppoi'tiiigg 'fieme of the enginewhich consists pi'efe'ehly of e Sul stenti allg-1; ring-Shaped memberprovided with 'ee oi base euppo'te l, und designates "awo cyl'iiclei'blocks arranged et oppoeiie Sides o'i lthe member and eeniieee'ecl losaine by lfaeeeingg devices 2 that exeiifl hoiizoiitelly llii'euglie-epeietiio' iieiiges Z3 anal t3 3 on die supper iiiembei il and on thel lilo eyliii lei' i'eepeeively, es Shown in Figure i.. e? the u ieder'blocks lil eoiuiete o' i eli annuler Afoiioi iii general outlineprofieee. Willi a. pluieli'zy of lioi'izoirellypei'ellel bores thm: lalso provided with e l; hoiizei "elly-disposed Cliive beaune lo'll eachej/Jliiieer t y e, veilieeily-diepoeed u ith ice liellyclisposecl iibe ei es lo reinforce enel sii hen the Sh ""i, im) Each of the cyliiicl y hl i my oi'l pewer eylin dere iufleie' o 1 e yme pippe iee muil epee eive :ufiziiiged in elimiohei' une me pi'ovic giji'oiiijkve me iiieiitwith each they Lillie uo l e loue mul fijuilile lel to elle :feiitu thecyliiieie,

they allow me pl e ifi'eely iii 'iheii i'nwQeetive v@ylV "itllou undueli'ioieii side ihi'uevielle ofi iilie cylinders thus reducing Weiy oiithe itiieo'le zum. The venue-o',

und eyliuceie to e iiiiuiu iofle `een lie of i pi'e'leii'ed @foss Seentional shape, and the giuiee he mounecl ii any pie: L i

long :is they/.f i'oim fighi guide/Veys which hold the eoniieciip;i'ocls in parallel ielaion with each other and pai'e-llel to the long-Ltucliiial axes of the eylindeife,

` means may ueefl ,ie'iei lo pievide the eem iii the for' uli-e di"im/ingr laces infile up olf e` plurality i-inclined, etieiiglit planes7/ that uh ohei' i' l i'e disslid. wliieii 'from olie iiine .i/ with ipme iii i f t 1e 'powelpls-- have piaczieelly :i uniform weed qlieuiv iisoiiie werking ei'olie iiis: :zu

ieble 1' nel eombue'ioii e? he pisjeiiieu lo e crank :um lhie is e Veryee it iiieuree` eeeh pewei e. ue turning etnioi ou M .i er(piepoi'tiouiii lo she pieseuie of the gases 111 the Cylinder) ell poiheof its Working stroke, thus con ifei'giug e, greater deggiee of `theex'L-ieiiielv high "eiiipeiei'iiie theft eX' fue :ze the explosiiiemoment; iiio eciual Work iiieeefl of' drivo'fi' esi. excessive amount ofthe heee iiillo the Water of the cooling; System suiifouiicling); zhecylinders. eeeofdinglypny engine is economical in the eeii-ei11eipf5ieiiof fuel; the

Y, Ln Oil 2l iOifi desirable 1 pistons have a relatively high operatingspeed and the driving member has a relatively slow operating speed.

The power cylinders and the suction cylinders of the respective groupsare arranged in pairs so as to form separate units, each of which iscomposed of a suction cylinder and a power cylinder, the suctioncylinder of ew eh unit being utilized to draw a combustible charge froma source of supply and admit said charge to the power cylinder of theunit, and the piston in said power cylinder being utilized to compressthe charge and thereafter impart a power impulse to the driving memberwhen said compressed charge is fired. Accordingly, the engine hereinillustrated may be said to comprise eight units arranged in two groupsof four units each, one of said groups being located at one side of thedriving element C of the engine and the other group being located at theother side of said driving element. The rib C2 on the driving element Cmay have any desired number of high points, the driving member of theengine herein shown being so constructed that each piston will make fivecycles during each complete cycle of perations of the drive shaft. Ialso prefer to arrange the cylinders so that cylinders of the respectivegroups which lie diametrically oposite each other across the drive shaftwill lire simultaneously and the cylinders of each group will fire oneafter the other. In other words, the power cylinders of the respectivegroups which are disposed at an angle of 180c to each other will fire atthe same time and the power cylinders of each group will fire in regularorder or in succession. By designing the engine so that the cylinderslire in the manner above described vibration is reduced to a minimum andthe side thrust which a power piston of one group exerts on one side ofthe driving .member C is balanced by the side thrust which the opposedpower piston of the other group exerts on the opposite side of saiddriving member, the power from both pistons being applied in a directionto cause said driving member to rotate.

As all of the units are of the same construction, I will only refer toone unit in the specilic description of the units. The suction cylinderand the power cylinder of the unit are connected together by an inletpassageway D provided at its opposite ends with ports 9 and 10 thatterminate in the side walls of the suction cylinder and the powercylinder, respectively, adjacent the inner ends of said cylinders. Eachunit also comprises a discharge passageway E, shown in Figure 5, whichis connected by means of ports ll with the inner end portion of thepower cylinder P of the unit, the discharge passageways E in eachcylinder block leading into an exhaust manifold E, shown in Figure l,that is of cylindrical shape in general outline and which may beconnected either to a separate discharge pipe or to a discharge pipe E2common to both exhaust manifolds, as shown in Figure l. In the engineherein illustrated each of the exhaust man ifolds l is of ring form ingeneral outline, as shown in Figure 3, and is provided with lugs i2through which bolts or other suitable fastening devices 13 pass so as tosecure said manifold to the particulzn: cylindcr bloclr which itsurrounds. Each cylinder block or group of units is provided with anintake manifold F preferably constructed so that it will form the headsof the suction cylinders of the particular cylinder block with which itco-operates, each of said intake manifolds comprising an annular portionle, as shown in Figure provided with a plurality of radially-branchingportions l that form closures or heads for the ends of the suctioncylinders of one group of units. Said intake manifold F is also providedwith an inlet portion 16 leading from a carbureter (not shown) or anyother suitable supply of combustible gases and divided into a pluralityof vertically-disposed ducts or passageways t, a, o and w (see Figurethat communicate with separate and distinct passageways in the annularportion 14; of the manifold which lead to separate and distinct suctioncylinders. In other words, the intake manifold of each cylinder block isso constructed that separate and distinct vertical inlet passages areprovided for the different suction cylinders in the bloclr and theexhaust manifold of each cylinder block is of ring form or of such shapethat the escaping burnt gases can flow in either of two directions afterentering the exhaust manifold. I make no claim herein to the dividedintake manifold and to the circularl exhaust manifold, as these featuresof my invention are claimed in my co-pending application Serial No,570,707, filed June 24, 1922.

The suction cylinder of each unit is provided with an automatic inletvalve l? u; ranged preferably in the head of the cylinder, as shown inFigure l, and the piston S in said suction cylinder is in tae forni of ahollow memberl provided in its head or outer end with inlet ports i8controlled by an automatic valve lilland provided adjacent its inner endin the side wall portion of same with ports 20 which. line up with theports 9 in the side wall of the suction cylinder in which itreciprocates at a certain point in the cycle of operations of saidpiston. Various types of automatic valves l? may be used for governingthe admission of the combustible mix'.- ture to the suction cylinders,but I prefer to provide each suction cylinder with a valve consistingofa disk-shaped piece of thin metal arranged over inlet ports 17 in thehead of the suction cylinder with which it colll) ' iii the iiiiiei eiidoperates and held eg( inst its seat by spi-ings te :vstii' jackets sietapped iiili the 17h? esshowii iii Fig e 9 f '-fl i ve h lwit the i stheengine, the sii-ei on the ie et mit-ei of the cyliiifl wel 1 the loweiubolt or othei' siii passes thi'ou i through the v Valve l? i "'l ii i.side oi t s shows and is press of sifle oiQ the f toil by s spi-ii toiiii'io looking e steil iii the f* Ch s su ct ii siiiglicity, low 1 "iieesse With which cziihleo of (lisas iii the opposite I ovecl engine theloolziii et Fipiii'e l 'i tie eiioiiic msi the heee ei the cyiieC-lescolis eiiihei A; to the Valve l5) iii thn "istoii El eooosite si s ofwhich the cfiiiiitlei' blocks The if'liiilei blocks :ii'e of suchpiston. if

cesigii that hihefl with iiiiiiiiiiiiii Uicm ton S is iiioviiig out?.Y cc t 1le enel expeiiie, he termed its charging eti'ose, the ports 2 andWhile it is iiiiiiie'eliml Whether the the iiiiiei1 eiicl of i i e cesecl7 heals of the cyliiicle 's iii seid blocks eie iiiclue to the feetthat they Voir textiel oi' eiiiofehlea pi' ei to ineke the aliiiiiipeifoiste portion oi: the cylinder, but s, cer", cliz-iging strokeof l i theieiii nieve into lig 9 iii the iiiiiei' end portion oi ci ellof the cylinders reiiioifehle, 'the "i the suction cyliiiclei's hey-i5;ieiiz'iecl l l me sec i'ecl to the xylimlei' ilocls by i iii@ mig-ces15a sie the heads o VLhe powei of the suction cyliiiclei'y theielf7 pcylimleis being' i'oimefl bj; plugs that Q A A b piston through the 1oifts inlet passageway D, powei' c i/liiiclei o; potins l0 iii theiiiiiei eiifl p powei cyliiidei:

of the piston iii said power cyliiL 'the chsiee to escape icio.

Le 50i iestiiiq the intake :fiioiii'ohl thiough chui-ge iii saideyliiiilei will he exi -l which t incoming; (fases to tie slicziiicl etthe completion of lie eiiti'fiii e tioii cyliiiclei's. The sucdioncyliiitleis pression stroke of the piston the coiiipiussetl thiozighwhich the pass to the pov.' elisige is lii'efl oi1 ii'iefl by? of`cyliiideis aire suii'ouiflecl hy tie cooling othei' suitable ignitionclevice Water coiiiiioii to the power cyliiideifs imfl of the poweifcyliiidei, thereby ifii;

suction cyliiicl-is :like :uid com iiiiefl iii eeeh powei' impulse tothe piston i cts siiiouiitliiie; ill of the power piston l ieeehes such:i )eiiit cyliiiflei's eil oli each of the cyliiiclei` its power stioxethat it uiicoveis jhe poits hlecls. Tw lien the engine is iiiopci'st'ioii the ioig'tioii oi the jeowei cyl4 Wetei will e of thef-ooli LLAA): w;

C del, th@ bum@ gage@ in @limi i* esc @c imiiiteiiel iieeilj possible et1800 tiioug'h the 'ports ll into the flisolD Tl is, 11i ceiiiieetioiiwith che oi'ehczitmg 0i' sageimy E iiiicl thence iii'to the disch?. Ythe incoming hf; utilizing' the Weste manifold E. Vlhe DoWei piston inheet f'ieiii the c-ihsiist ii ziiiiolcl, iiisui'es unit is Dieifei'shlf/pioihlecl with theiough Vapor'zetioii of tie icl. heifeifc 23 siieiigeclse as to ileilect the c ieeehiiig the powei* cyliicleis. li/ioi'eove,oheige toifeicls the '5ml of theBeweiseF the exhaust manifolds sie o1such design when seicl chai the` the?,T zilleiv the h imi" gases toescape dei: im the cyliiicleis in eithei cliieetioii of l/Vetei jackets2li aie jofoviclefl oi the resistance sioiiiicl thelcyliiiclei blocks,eyliiiclefs of the engii e and the 'oipes 211 i ge heilig piovicledeithei Wziy to a t wheh the cooled suppli 'l oie o'N eiiiiig, thusiieiiiiittmg the burnt Leonesa und e suction cylinder7 recipiioeetii insaid cylindersr devices tliet a getlier tlio longitudinally eii'rnetl L.opposed cylinde com on snitl i member` operativi-ily connected ritl'iseik de vices for recipri'iceting sume, en eutonieti valve associatedrifitli suction cylinde of eecli unit u` e combustib mixtur to seme 'Vthe piston therein moves in one directie f und ineens tor ceu ing tliecharge admitted to seid suction cyinder to pass tlirougli tlio piston t.rein and enter the (zo-operating power cylinder of tlie unit when seidsuction piston moves in the opposite direction.

2. An internal combustion engine, coinprising; e rotstslile drivingmember, two groups ofi cylinders crrengged in longitudinal `elignnientWitli eecli otl'ier end in perallel relation to tl e exis oit rotationseid driving member, eecli of seid groups "oeing4 mudo up of e pluralityoi: units composed of za suction cylinder end e power cylinder equippedwith pistons, connecting rods joined to tlie pistons of longitudinallyaligned cylinders, ineens for trzinsi movement from seid connectiw rodsto seid driving member, and nie/iis niiereloy Wlr tlie engine is inoperation cmnousti charges will be draw/n into tlic suction cyl,- inderso't opposed units seid groups and tlien introduced into tlie power cylinders oit iid units und tired.

3. A two cycle internal combustion engine, comprising e plurality orpower oylin ilers, n oliunlity ot suction cjgflinclers Q rrei'igcdimei-mediate seid power cylinders, reciprocating pistons in seidcylinders7 :into atie vulves for admitting clierges to seid suctioncylinders Wlien the pistons therein move in one direction, Ineens forpermitting the d suoti n cylinders to pass oistons "lie-rein end tlie swhen seid suction pistons *p31 osi-e directiom eno admission end er; ieut ports in tlie power cylinders controlled by the pistons in seid powercylinders.

two cycle inter el combustion engine, coninrising power cylinders,suction cylinders er ged intermediate seid power cylinders eutoniuticelves for edmitting` e.

uileustilile iuinture to seid lotion cylseid suction cylinders losingone oit seid power cylinders VEgli Wliion tlie cluirge con poss ,i tioncylinder into tlie power pistons in seid suction cylinders ior drawingtlie combustible in 'nre into se suction cylinders end thereafter con- Ltrolling tlie escape or szcl mixture into tlie Wer cylinders.y und sionsi i power oil' the :zdznission ot eid miiituro to seid cylinders und theescape Vtlie burnt 'from seid power cylinders,

o. i two cycle internal engine7 comprising` :i rotatable drive she-rpt,e group of cT liuders arranged in tlie forni ot' :in annuler ring aroundseid drive shaft and comprising power cylinders end suction cylindersarranged in alternate rele-tion pistons in seid suction cylinders fordrewing charges into suine and thereafter :idniittinpj seid charges tothe power cylindersu pistons in seid power cylinders for governtlieadmission of tlio combustible mirtture to seid power cylinders end theescape ot tlie burnt from seine, and en enlieust manifold arranges insuoli e manner tliut tlie gases escaping tlirougli seine liest seidsuction cylinders.

6 i t'Wo cycle internul combustion engine provided with e cylinderoloolr of annuler torni equipped Witli s plurality of suction cylindersu plurality of power cylinders, en intake manifold lieying portions that:t `rin heads 'for tlie suction cylinders.) und eiiliziust nieni'l'oldof annuler shape surrounding seid cylinder block und eoinnnnfiiceting`Witli exhaust ports lending from seid power cylinders.

coi'iiloustion

